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In which situation is an affirmation primarily used?

  1. When required to sign a legal document

  2. When a person cannot take an oath

  3. When executing a property sale

  4. When certifying a document

The correct answer is: When a person cannot take an oath

An affirmation is primarily used in situations where a person cannot or chooses not to take an oath. This could include individuals who may have religious beliefs that prevent them from taking oaths or those who might simply prefer to affirm their truthfulness without invoking a higher power. An affirmation serves as a solemn and formal declaration in which the individual asserts that the information provided is true, under penalty of perjury. The other contexts mentioned involve different legal procedures that may require oaths or signatures but do not specifically pertain to the unique necessity for an affirmation due to an individual's limitations regarding oaths. Thus, the application of the affirmation in such scenarios is particularly significant for those in need of an alternative to traditional oaths.